Plenty of US companies either currently offer this service or have offered it in the past. This isn't exactly a new concept.

These services aren't usually very popular.

Obligatory "no we can't have nice things". Something like this was available to all Discover card users 5 years ago, but a bit hidden on their website, and was discontinued.

I think most people prefer to do what's most convenient (have one credit card/number) and patch up any abuse/fraud after-the-fact.