Another FPGA sweet spot is analyzing TB/PB-scale databases. Netezza programmed FPGAs to uncompress, project, restrict (including NULLs), enforce isolation & visibility and check CRCs at disk scan rates (>200MB/sec). When touching a handful of columns from a 20-200 column table, CPUs spend most of their time stalled on cache line misses. FPGA-projecting just those few columns into memory enormously increases cache hit rates.