I know https://leekwars.com/ and have seen a couple others coming by, both on HN and played by my friends, but I haven't seen such a list. There also seems to be a few interesting single player ones, like ruby-warrior.

I found the following while browsing AlternativeTo, it might be nice to fill in the others as well: https://codecombat.com/, https://robocode.sourceforge.io/,