Those features in Hugo are mostly reliant on themes. Hugo has a concept called "shortcodes" which allow you to add capabilities that rely on adding additional JS, or HTML blocks in at specific points in your Markdown.
The theme I use on my website for instance has a shortcode called "fluid_imgs" which handles images pretty well, and I also wrote my own shortcode addition to support embedding images from Flickr more easily. Additionally the theme I'm using integrates MathJax and HighlightJS, which it utilizes in the standard way for Markdown (e.g. in most Markdown implementations you can specify the language after triple backticks to start a code block) by invoking highlighting on code blocks.
Getting what you're asking for should be pretty simple in Hugo with the appropriate theme or minimal effort anyway.
The theme I use on my website for instance has a shortcode called "fluid_imgs" which handles images pretty well, and I also wrote my own shortcode addition to support embedding images from Flickr more easily. Additionally the theme I'm using integrates MathJax and HighlightJS, which it utilizes in the standard way for Markdown (e.g. in most Markdown implementations you can specify the language after triple backticks to start a code block) by invoking highlighting on code blocks.
Getting what you're asking for should be pretty simple in Hugo with the appropriate theme or minimal effort anyway.