And the version of the slur you're talking about is a pretty old one that I have not heard used in decades (of course that may be regional, generational, etc.)
But like you, I have never heard "mongo" used in the same pejorative context.
It is a very common slur among kids in Norway and originally means someone who has the "mongoloid" syndrome. These days it just means "you idiot" after "pro choice" succeeded where Hitler "failed" and got rid of most people with downs syndrome.
Correct, and not only them but also certain others who weren't perfectly healthy. In Germany parents who were NSDAP party members brought their kids in voluntarily.
For more details look up Tiergartenstraße 4 or Aktion T4, but be aware that the details are ugly.
Too late to edit and also only tangentially related but I think it is worth mentioning that Nazis also tried to get rid of Jehovas Witnesses, Gypsies and probably a number of others as well.
But like you, I have never heard "mongo" used in the same pejorative context.