Most popular databases have change data capture as a feature. They read backups of the transaction log and extract events they care about (dml operations against subscribed tables) and then store the results into shadow tables. They tend to be relatively low overhead compared with many hand-rolled solutions.

One other benefit is they capture all the changes to the underlying data, not just the net changes.

It’s important to realize though that CDC records change information but isn’t a mechanism to move it anywhere. You would still have to devise a means to move the data to another system.

Debezium is a data movement tool that uses CDC for the underlying tracking.