I rely on a heuristic approach which is to track the rate of change in key metrics like swap usage, disk I/O, and memory pressure over time. The idea is to calculate these rates at regular intervals and use moving averages to smooth out short-term fluctuations.

By observing trends rather than just static value ( a data point at specific time) you can get a better sense of whether your system is underutilizing or overutilizing swap space. For instance, if swap usage rates are consistently low but memory is under pressure, you might have vm.swappiness set too low. Conversely, if swap I/O is high, it could indicate that swappiness is too high.

This is a poor man’s approach, and there are definitely more sophisticated ways to handle this task, but it’s a quick solution if you just need to get some basic insights without too much work.