I would say that it's not really an illusion of fixing overload. Real-world workloads are often spiky and setting things up so you can size your capacity for the average rather than a peak is a real fix, as long as the delays are acceptable.

I agree.

Some monitoring is needed, if spinning up additional workers doesn't help (the bottleneck isn't CPU), then profile one of your workers, and find out what the bottleneck is, and fix it. Is one job spending lots of time waiting on a DB query? Add an index.

I suppose queues aren't really the problem so much as using a queue to decouple your systems so you don't have to think about the slow parts. If you decouple things, you still need monitoring.

Not sure if a queue actually helps with scaling components, at least it isn't the only way to scale components. If they are on separate servers you could just send a network call to it. It is the other components problem how to scale itself. It could be split into multiple servers with a load balancer in front of it. Still no queue but you can scale anyway. If it is on the same server the queue will probably not help at all. If you use a service bus you might end up with a kind of queue that has to hold messages from all components to all other components, that is more or less all messages in the system. That might be a big bottleneck that will affect all parts of the system (but you will probably notice very early on).