Type checking is what you say when the compiler makes sure that you've used all your types correctly, and spits out an error when you don't. It's there to prevent you from trying to assign an int to a string, for example.

"Runtime type checking" is the same thing at runtime. Errors and exceptions get thrown, your program stops. So no, that's not what we're talking about.

Here is a description of type checking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system#Type_checking